makes NEURON read the session file for a CellBuilder that contains the specification of the model. You will use this CellBuilder to adjust the model parameters.// load the GUI and ballstk cellbuilder load_file("stdgui.hoc") load_file("ballstk.ses") // load an initial starting session load_file("start.ses")
Note: Make sure the CellBuilder's Continuous Create button is checked. Otherwise the sections of the ball and stick model will not exist.
How many segments were created?
forall print secname, " nseg = ", nseg
Where are the nodes located?
dend for (x) print x, " ", x*L
If these locations aren't particularly "esthethic," you can assign nseg a new (larger) value manually.
Set up a graphical interface that lets you apply an AlphaSynapse to the model (time constant 1.0 ms, peak conductance 0.005 umho) while observing Vm at the middle of the soma.
2. TEST THE MODEL
Put the synapse at the proximal end of the dendrite, turn on Keep Lines in the voltage graph, and run a simulation. Then reduce the peak synaptic conductance to 0 and run another. Use View = plot to get a better look at somatic Vm.
What's wrong with these responses?
(hint: increase Tstop to 50 ms and run another simulation)
Change dendritic e_pas to -65 mV and try another run.
Does this help? Why?
3. INITIAL EXPLORATION OF THE MODEL
Place the synapse at several different positions along the dendrite. Find and plot the peak amplitude of the somatic EPSP vs. synaptic location.
You will need the following:
putsyn()
)
that takes a single numeric argument
in the range
putsyn()
does these things:
1. verifies that the requested location is actually in the range
2. places the synapse in the section (uses the Point Process .loc() function)
3. since point processes are always placed at the nearest node,
and nodes are located at 0, 1, and the center of each segment,
putsyn()
must determine the actual location of the synapse
(uses .get_loc()). This is assigned to a global variable called synloc
4. executes the statement run()
,
which has the same effect as clicking the Init & Run button.
xopen putsyn.hoc and then invoke putsyn()
with a couple of different arguments to see what happens.
You might also want to append the statement xopen("putsyn.hoc")
to the end of init.hoc for future use.
When you are ready to use the Gather Values tool,
turn off Keep Lines in the graph of Vm vs. t.
Then:
1. invoke putsyn(0)
2. L click on the voltage trace and move the crosshairs to the peak of the EPSP
3. L click on the Record Val button of the Gather Values tool
Repeat these 3 steps a couple of times, specifying a different location each time. After the second iteration you can use View = plot in the Gather Values graph to see how things are shaping up. Don't worry about the sequence of locations; you can always sort them in ascending order by L clicking on the "SortX" button.
4. SWITCHING TO PRODUCTION MODE
Manual data collection may be fine for initial exploration, but it's no way to pursue an extensive project that involves multiple experimental conditions (e.g. channel blockers) or complex cellular morphologies.
Here's an outline of one approach to automating the task:
Create a procedure that implements this approach.
- For each node along dend
- move the synapse to that node
run a simulation
determine the most depolarized somatic Vm for that location
save this value and the location in a pair of vectors
- Plot the vector of peak values vs. the vector of locations
putsyn()
,
which takes care of the second and third items in this outline.
Here is a skeleton of one possible implementation of such a procedure.
It might be interesting to run the procedure with Keep Lines turned on, especially when it comes time to compare with the effects of blocking active currents (see below).
5. THINGS TO TRY
1. Compute the actual EPSP amplitudes by subtracting the -65 mV baseline from the soma responses (Vector sub()) and plot the results.
2. What would happen if the somatic HH currents were blocked? Use the CellBuilder to reduce gnabar_hh and gkbar_hh to 0. Make sure to change eleak to -65 mV before running a new series of simulations (why or why not? and what if you don't?).
Compare these results with what you saw when HH currents were not blocked. Do spike currents in the soma enhance all EPSPs, or does the nature of the effect depend on synaptic location?